As a Representatives in the House O'Neill ran for election every two years. This material documents O'Neill's campaigns for Congress, from the first, which was conducted in 1952, to the last one in 1984. The series includes correspondence with colleagues and constituents, particularly congratulatory letters on his becoming Majority Whip (1971) and Speaker of the House (1976), redistricting information, and some memorabilia. Most campaign memorabilia is in the Memoriabilia series.

Collection is open for research. Selected items are closed due to fragility; a microfilm access copy is available. Audiovisual recordings in this collection have been migrated from source media; digital use copies can only be accessed onsite in the Burns Library Reading Room.